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  • ~/blog Your 4-Digit PIN Is Fine: Device-Bound Keys on ESP32-S3 2026·06·22
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#key derivation

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Security · Cryptography 01

Your 4-Digit PIN Is Fine: Device-Bound Keys on ESP32-S3

Why PBKDF2 iterations can't protect a 4-digit PIN on a microcontroller, and how an eFuse-HMAC device secret plus HKDF stops offline brute force.

2026·06·22 · 26 min

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© 2026 José Manuel Requena Plens. All rights reserved.